Chapter 12 - Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This chapter identify the reliable characteristic absorptions in an infrared spectrum, and propose which functional groups are likely to be present in the molecule; explain which functional groups cannot be present in a molecule because their characteristic peaks are absent from the IR spectrum; use a mass spectrum to determine a compound’s molecular weight, and propose which elements...

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Chapter 13 - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Use the chemical shifts, splitting patterns, and integrations shown in a proton NMR spectrum to propose structures for possible compounds; use the number of peaks and their chemical shifts in a 13C NMR spectrum to determine the number of types of carbon atoms in the compound and what functional groups they might represent;...

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Chapter 14 introduce to ethers, epoxides, and sulfides. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Draw and name ethers and heterocyclic ethers, including epoxides; explain the trends in their boiling points, solubilities, and solvent properties; determine the structures of ethers from their spectra, and explain their characteristic absorptions and fragmentations;...

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Chapter 22 - Condensations and alpha substitutions of carbonyl compounds. In this chapter, we consider two more types of reactions: substitution at the carbon atom next to the carbonyl group (called alpha substitution) and carbonyl condensations. Carbonyl condensations are among the most common biological methods for building up and breaking down large molecules.

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Chapter 16 introduce to aromatic compounds. This chapter determine whether Hückel’s rule applies to a given structure, and predict whether the compound will be aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic; show how to construct the molecular orbitals of a conjugated cyclic system similar to benzene and cyclobutadiene;...

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Chapter 18 introduce to Ketones and Aldehydes. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Draw and name ketones and aldehydes, and use spectral information to determine their structures; propose single-step and multistep syntheses of ketones and aldehydes from compounds containing other functional groups; predict the products and propose mechanisms for the reactions of ketones and aldehydes with oxidizing and reducing agents,...

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Chapter 21 (part 1) - Structure and properties of carboxylic acid derivatives. This chapter draw and name carboxylic acid derivatives, and use spectral information to determine their structures; describe the trends in physical properties of acid derivatives, and compare the relative reactivity of esters, thioesters, amides, nitriles, anhydrides, and acid chlorides; propose single-step and multistep syntheses of acid derivatives from compounds...

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Bài giảng Nhu cầu oxy hóa học (COD) giới thiệu về COD, hóa học của COD, phân hủy mẫu bằng Dichromate-COD, COD với BOD. Mời các bạn tham khảo bài giảng để nắm bắt nội dung chi tiết. Với các bạn chuyên ngành Hóa học thì đây là tài liệu hữu ích.

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In this chapter, we discuss some of the fundamental principles of polymer chemistry. We begin with a survey of the different kinds of polymers, then consider the reactions used to induce polymerization. Finally, we discuss some of the structural characteristics that determine the physical properties of a polymer.

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Chapter 20 draw and name carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, and use spectral information to determine their structures; describe the trends in the acidity and physical properties of carboxylic acids, and explain how their acidity varies with their substituentsl; propose single-step and multistep syntheses of carboxylic acids from compounds containing other functional groups;...

 56 p bvu 06/01/2018 300 1 Download

Chapter 23 introduce to carbohydrates and nucleic acids. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Draw and identify the structures of glucose, its anomers, and its epimers, as Fischer projections and as chair conformations; correctly name monosaccharides and disaccharides, and draw their structures from their names; predict the reactions of carbohydrates in acidic and basic solutions, and with oxidizing and reducing agents;...

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Chapter 21 (part 1) - Reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives. This chapter predict the products and propose mechanisms for the reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives with reducing agents, alcohols, amines, and organometallic reagents; propose multistep syntheses using acid derivatives as starting materials and intermediates.

 53 p bvu 06/01/2018 254 1 Download